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1.
Braz. j. biol ; 70(2): 351-360, May 2010. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-548259

ABSTRACT

Anther and pollen development were studied in Olyra humilis Nees, Sucrea monophylla Soderstr, (Bambusoideae), Axonopus aureus P. Beauv., Paspalum polyphyllum Nees ex Trin. (Panicoideae), Eragrostis solida Nees, and Chloris elata Desv. (Chloridoideae). The objective of this study was to characterise, embryologically, these species of subfamilies which are considered basal, intermediate and derivate, respectively. The species are similar to each other and to other Poaceae. They present the following characters: tetrasporangiate anthers; monocotyledonous-type anther wall development, endothecium showing annular thickenings, secretory tapetum; successive microsporogenesis; isobilateral tetrads; spheroidal, tricellular, monoporate pollen grains with annulus and operculum. Nevertheless, the exine patterns of the species studied are distinct. Olyra humilis and Sucrea monophylla (Bambusoideae) show a granulose pattern, whereas in the other species, it is insular. In addition, Axonopus aureus and Paspalum polyphyllum (Panicoideae) have a compactly insular spinule pattern, while Chloris elata and Eragrostis solida (Chloridoideae) show a sparsely insular spinule pattern. The exine ornamentation may be considered an important feature at the infrafamiliar level.


O desenvolvimento da antera e do grão de pólen de Olyra humilis Nees, Sucrea monophylla Soderstr. (Bambusoideae), Axonopus aureus P. Beauv., Paspalum polyphyllum Nees ex Trin. (Panicoideae), Eragrostis solida Nees and Chloris elata Desv. (Chloridoideae) foi estudado visando caracterizar embriologicamente essas espécies de subfamílias consideradas basal, intermediária e derivada, respectivamente. As espécies são similares entre si e entre as demais Poaceae. Apresentam os seguintes caracteres: anteras tetrasporangiadas; desenvolvimento da parede da antera do tipo monocotiledôneo, endotécio com espessamento de parede anelar, tapete secretor; microsporogênese sucessiva; tétrades isobilaterais; grãos de pólen esféricos, tricelulares, monoporados, com anel e opérculo. Por outro lado, o padrão de ornamentação da exina do grão de pólen é distinto. Olyra humilis e Sucrea monophylla (Bambusoideae) apresentam padrão granuloso e as demais espécies padrão insular. Axonopus aureus e Paspalum polyphyllum (Panicoideae) apresentam espínulos densamente agrupados, enquanto Chloris elata e Eragrostis solida (Chloridoideae) espínulos esparsamente agrupados. A ornamentação da exina dos grãos de pólen pode ser considerada caráter importante a nível infrafamiliar.


Subject(s)
Flowers/embryology , Gametogenesis, Plant/physiology , Poaceae/embryology , Pollen/embryology
2.
Acta cient. venez ; 53(4): 245-250, 2002. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-343943

ABSTRACT

Pisonia aculeata L. es un arbusto sarmentoso que presenta amplia distribución en los bosques tropicales y subtropicales del sur del Brasil. El estudio del desarrollo morfo-anatómico de sus antocarpos y de sus frutos es objeto del presente trabajo. Las flores en pre y postantesis y los frutos en diversas fases de diferenciación fueron recolectados en el Horto Florestal de Maringá, Paraná, Brasil y analizados morfológica y anatómicamente. El antocarpo tiene orígen en el perigonio y se caracteriza por presentar la epidermis uniseriada de la cara abaxial, donde se destacan emergencias glandulares, mesofilo parenquimático con gran número de estratos celulares, gracias a la acción del meristema ventral formado aún en la fase de perigonio, y la epidermis de la cara adaxial glabra. El pericarpio se desarrolla a partir de la pared del ovario que contiene un óvulo anátropo, bitegumentado y crasinucelado. En la semilla madura se presenta la testa delgada, perisperma, y endosperma de origen nuclear, no formándose tegmen. El antocarpo, además de la protección del fruto y semilla, presenta gran importancia en el proceso de dispersión de esta especie (epizoocoria). La estructura del fruto permitió demostrar que es correcta su clasificación como aquenio y no cariopsis como lo registrado en la literatura.


Pisonia aculeata L. is a widespread species that occurs frequently in tropical and subtropical forests in the South of Brazil. This paper presents a morphological and anatomical study of the development of its anthocarps and the fruits. Flowers in pre and post anthesis and fruits in different stages of development were collected in the Horto Florestal of Maringá, Paraná State, Brazil. The anthocarp originates in the perigone and it can be characterized by the presence of an uniseriate epidermis on the abaxial surface, presence of glandular emergences, a glabrous epidermis on the adaxial surface and a parenchymatous mesophyll. This last tissue presents a great number of cellular strata due to the action of a ventral meristema installed still in the perigone phase. The pericarp develops from the wall of the ovary. The ovule is anatropous, bitegmic and crassinucellate. The mature seed presents a thin testa with thickened cell walls just in the rafe region, perisperm and endosperm with nuclear origin, without development of tegmen. The anthocarp has great importance in the process of dispersion of this species (epizoochory). This study confirms that the fruit is an achene and not a caryopsis as affirmed in the literature.


Subject(s)
Fruit , Nyctaginaceae/anatomy & histology , Seeds , Trees , Brazil , Fruit , Flowers/anatomy & histology , Flowers/embryology , Nyctaginaceae/embryology
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